Dyslexia refers to reading deficits, which can range from problems in decoding words, to remembering what has been read, to analyzing more abstract thought. It should be noted here that dyslexia does not refer to reading problems that are the result of inadequate or inappropriate schooling, lack of intelligence, or insufficient time on task. Dyslexic students can be taught strategies to make the most of their current reading skills and to cope with their limitations, but the basic decoding or comprehension difficulties are likely to remain stable.

The word 'dyslexia' comes from the Greek and means 'difficulty with words'. It is a difference in the brain area that deals with language. It affects the under-lying skills that are needed for learning to read, write and spell. Brain imaging techniques show that dyslexic people process information differently. Around 4% of the population is severely dyslexic. A further 6% have mild to moderate problems. Dyslexia occurs in people from all backgrounds and of all abilities, from people who cannot read to those with university degrees. Dyslexic people, of all ages, can learn effectively but often need a different approach. Dyslexia is a puzzling mix of both difficulties and strengths. It varies in degree and from person to person. Dyslexic people often have distinctive talents as well as typical clusters of difficulties. Dyslexia is difficulty with language. For people with dyslexia, intelligence is not the problem. The problem is language. People with dyslexia may struggle with reading, spelling, understanding language they hear, or expressing themselves clearly in speaking or in writing.